Timber Beams and Floor Slabs: Visible Structure

A ceiling with exposed structure. Large square wooden beams cross the room at equal intervals, with a cross-section of 20 cm or more, showing axe marks and saw marks, and a dark brown color. Between the beams, the upper wooden floorboards or small, densely packed wooden joists are directly and completely exposed. The wood is unpainted, only showing years of smoke staining and hand polish. The ends of the beams sit directly into stone or brick walls.
Avoid: Covering the structure with a ceiling, using uniformly planed lumber, staining the wood to make it look old, making the beam spacing and dimensions inconsistent.

Translated from Chinese by AI.

一面外露結構的天花。粗大的方形木樑以等距橫過房間,斷面二十公分以上,表面有斧鑿與鋸痕、顏色深褐;樑之間直接是上層的木樓板或細小的密排木椽,也完全外露。木材沒有上漆,只有多年的煙燻與手澤。樑的兩端直接坐進石牆或磚牆裡。避免:用天花板把結構包覆起來、使用規格一致的刨光木材、把木材染色做舊、讓樑的間距與尺寸不一致。